I've made a community wiki about Ethereum. Feel free to have a look at it: https://github.com/jamesray1/Ethereum-introduction/wiki/Ethereum-introduction.

https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfuncer
(some of these URLs to files on github may change later as the software is reorganized)

occamsfuncer

a kind of number, an extremely optimizable and scalable universal lambda function meant for number crunching, AI research, and low lag massively multiplayer games that players can redesign into new game types in turingComplete ways by hotswap/forkEditing per bit, per function call pair, etc. Similar to Unlambda, Iota, Jot, Urbit, Ethereum, Ipfs.
=== EVERYTHING IS A NUMBER ===
A number (fn, meaning function) is either the universal lambda function or a list of 3 numbers: function, parameter, comment. Nothing else exists in the system. Nothing else is needed. A world of a trillion dimensions, or a picture, text, or sound would be a number. It can do and be anything. That is a math definition of what the system does and does not mean it has to be calculated that slow way, only means it has to get the same result as if it was, the same to the precision of every bit in the whole global network.
Its most similar to the kinds of numbers used in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKI_combinator_calculus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlambda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iota_and_Jot https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbit and a little similar to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum in that its both turingComplete and can optionally be used in blockchains or trillions of independent sidechains https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidechain_(ledger)) or on a single computer
Occamsfuncer is a kind of number that can do anything imaginable. You start with a 0 dimensional point and ask it about itself (such as by drag-and-drop, TODO), to which it responds another point. You ask these about eachother in various combos to get ever more points, but soon something strange happens... Multiple questions can have the same answer. For every possible answer there are an infinite number of possible questions which give that answer. The same question always gives the same answer, but some questions take too long (potentially infinitely long) to answer so would give up by the max time you told it to take. These numbers start asking eachother questions, building or finding numbers by using eachother in various combos. You get 1 piece of info about each number automatically: Is it the universal lambda function (the "leaf") you started with? Anything else can be figured out by asking that question about multiple combos of asking them about eachother. A number is either leaf or a list of 3 numbers. There are 3 numbers which will give you any of those 3 things. Leaf is [identityFunction leaf leaf], and identityFunction is (((leaf (leaf leaf)) ((leaf leaf) leaf))(((leaf leaf) leaf) (leaf (leaf leaf)))) but we normally see it as "I". There are 16 arbitrarily chosen combos of leaf which do 16 different things, from which all other behaviors are built. Technically these have no name other than the combos of leaf they're made of, but informally we can call them [0 1 left right false true answerIsSameAsQuestion/I ask3ThingsAboutEachotheS isItLeaf pair whatIsItsComment imagineItsCommentIs curry getNthThingAfterCurry selfReference placeToHookInPlugins]. All those are made of leaf. For any x, (imagineIfItsCommentIs (left x (right x)) (whatIsItsComment x)) equals x, but comment has to be leaf if its height without comment is less than 5 since thats where the deepest internal workings of the numbers happens. For example, (left left (right left)) equals left. Using those 16 things, I built a number that tells if 2 numbers equal eachother, built only from parts that can detect if a number is leaf or not. You dont even start with the ability to check if 2 things equal. When I built it, I asked it about 2 of itself and it said true, and I asked it about various other things and it said false. If you want to know what the equals number is made of, you use (left equals) and (right equals) and (whatIsItsComment equals), and keep asking left right andOr comment about what those answer, and so on until all paths eventually lead to leaf. The equals function is built in https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfunceblob/masteimmutableexceptgas/occamsfuncerV2Prototype/util/Example.java the part after "equals =". Leaf is in https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfunceblob/masteimmutableexceptgas/occamsfuncerV2Prototype/TheUniversalLambdaFunction.java
Those 16 things [0 1 left right false true answerIsSameAsQuestion/I ask3ThingsAboutEachotheS isItLeaf pair whatIsItsComment imagineItsCommentIs curry getNthThingAfterCurry selfReference placeToHookInPlugins] are built in the prototype at https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfunceblob/masteimmutableexceptgas/occamsfuncerV2Spec/Op.java and https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfunceblob/masteimmutableexceptgas/occamsfuncerV2Prototype/util/Boot.java
Test cases are in https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfunceblob/masteimmutableexceptgas/occamsfuncerV2Prototype/test/TestBasics.java
=== RELATION TO GODEL INCOMPLETENESS AND HALTING PROBLEM ===
Godel Incompleteness and Halting Problem are both true, such as the halting problem is a statement about parametereturn mappings in the space of all posible functions, and godel incompleteness about a system's ability to prove its own correctness, but this system does not attempt to prove anything and instead only computes [function,parameter,return] triples with a certain selfReferencing design constraint always being true, and it can not detect in advance if a function will halt but it can emulate the next n steps of a function call given as a parameter without calling it, and there is space within that (godel incompleteness and halting problem) truth for designing a system to be selfReferencing without losing turingCompleteness, and accept basically a binary form of the "source code" as the definition of equality instead of having to call a function as the only way to measure any info about it, and since a function can detect this "source code", aka the forest childs recursively, it can affect function behaviors therefore every unique "source code" that is in a halted state (and none can exist that are not halted as those are CallAsKey.java instances instead of fn.java instances) can be detected by another function (all made of various combos of call pairs of the same universal lambda function) to have a different vs the same source code therefore source code is part of function behaviors therefore there is a 1-to-1 mapping between all possible function behaviors and the integers and a function could be created to (however slowly, but in finite time) get the nth possible function behavior when given (some lambda based representation of) the integer n, which can be done by looping over the set of all possible forest shapes, breadth first, only including those that are halted states (sorting is first by height, breaking ties by sorting left, then breaking ties by sorting right, then (if occamsfuncerV2 instead of V1 it has a third "comment" child) breaking ties by sorting comment.
Its a turingComplete subset of lambdas including https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKI_combinator_calculus thats also compatible with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_calculus
If S = Lx.Ly.Lz.((xz)(yz)), and I = La.a, and LazyEval = Lb.Lc.Ld.bc,
then ((LazyEval ((S I) I)) ((S I) I)), aka (LazyEval (S I I) (S I I)), for every possible parameter, does not halt.
By reducing the set of lambdas to a certain subset, I gain some info about them without losing turingCompleteness. Specificly, only keeping lambdas where ((L x)(R x)) equals x, and L and R are certain combos of call pairs of a certain universal lambda function in https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfuncer . It gains the ability that a lambda can be built that gets the L and R childs recursively of any parameter lambda. If we did not limit it to that subset of turingComplete lambdas, then there would be no way a lambda could prove any specific info about its parameter (LazyEval (S I I) (S I I)). There are test cases for this in https://github.com/benrayfield/occamsfunceblob/masteimmutableexceptgas/occamsfuncerV2Prototype/test/TestBasics.java the "testLRQuine" and "testEquals" and "fnThatInfiniteLoopsForEveryPossibleParam" code.
I designed it that way because selfReference is useful, not to change anyone's mind about the possible variations of these academic abstractions.
=== WHY NOBODY CAN CONTROL IT ===
Everything is a number, a kind of number so advanced it can represent any thought you could possibly have and interact with other numbers/thoughts in that context. You can subtract 2 from 7 to get 5, but 2 and 7 still exist, so anyone who has built on the things you've built is unaffected by if you try to change those things and instead it just creates more things and things are only deleted by everyone ignoring them until they are no longer cached not by any action against those things. A number can be affected by "changes" to another number by taking different possible numbers as a parameter, so it is capable of automatic updates such as by digital signatures but in a multiverse of all possible updates so it can be simultaneously updated and not updated and you can even use those multiverse branches together as they are all just numbers, and theres a thing called "mutableWrapperLambda" in theory where if you only digitally sign at most 1 possible answer per each possible question then your public key can be used (with Op.nondet) as a function that just waits until you give an answer to a question you havent answered yet if you ever answer it, and if a key ever gives 2 answers to the same question then forever after that the key takes infinite time for all questions so is effectively blacklisted by not obeying the network protocol that enforces the keys act like lambda functions (mas 1 answer per question deterministicly), though you dont have to call nondet, or allow the calling of nondet, if you're in pure determinism mode in which case every call of Op.nondet takes infinite time.
Nobody is required to use any specific number but may share them and the numbers they contain recursively. Any pair of numbers gives you a third number, if it doesnt give up for taking too long. If you have a number, you can use it with any other number you have to make more numbers. Numbers exist independently of the websites they may be stored at and are guaranteed to compute the exact same bits even if redundantly or partially stored in a million different systems at once that are not normally compatible with eachother. Any system can cache what any other system is doing. Privacy can be had only if you build encryption within the number system and can do any kind of encryption that any computer ever did or could do later even if it hasnt been invented yet, and when it is invented the universal lambda function which all this is built on will not change at all since its already capable of computing everything thats possible to compute.

General links

Announcement
Mainpage
Forum
Whitepaper
Roadmap
Wikipedia

Chain Explorer

Blockscout
Etcblockexplorer
Minergate
Cryptoground
Blockexplorer
Tokenview

Stats/Charts

2miners Stats/Charts
Bitinfocharts Stats/Charts
Pool Stats
Prize Chart Visualizer
Risk Pattern Analyser
Nodes
DAG size
Network Data Charts
Phoenix Upgrade Monitor
Marked Analysis

Wallets

Emeraldpay
Exodus
Atomicwallet
Guarda
Trustwallet
Coinomi
Myetherwallet
Jaxx
Coinbase

Hardware Wallets

Ledger
Trezor

Social Links

Forum
Github
Twitter
Telegram
Telegram
Discord
Reddit

Dev Teams

ETC Core
ETC Labs
ETC Cooperative
IOHK

Market List

Marktets

Interesting Finds

Block Rewared over 844 ETC
51% Attack on ETC
ECIPs
End of Era 1 ECIP-1017
End of Era 2 ECIP-1017
Help me add more things to this list or give me advice what to add

Wiki Link
At the top of the subreddit you can now find a wiki with a list of most of the popular ethereum (and enjin) games out right now. Currently it's a basic wiki with just a list that includes whether the game is publicly playable and what systems it is supposed to run on.
Suggestions are welcome. If you know of a game that should be added to the list please comment below!

Regular Internet users in general may or may not be too concerned about their privacy, but the number of users who are getting tired of having their preferences and habits continuously tracked by others is increasingly growing up. If you are one of them, you should definitely give the Brave browser a try.
Brave is a free open source browser that is becoming more and more popular, mainly because it is faster and it provides better privacy than other browsers. It has being around for some time now though, and once I tried it I wondered why it is not more popular among the WordPress community yet, which made me feel like writing this post about it.
​

What makes the Brave browser different?

​

Privacy and Security

The first thing that makes the Brave browser stand out from the rest is that it comes with built-in shields to block website trackers and remove intrusive Internet advertisements. This browser also upgrades to HTTPS whenever possible to provide secure, encrypted communications when an ordinary browser would use an insecure
But with Brave you have control over these shields, you can customize their settings on a per-site or browser-wide basis.
And you can also see how many ads and trackers are being blocked by Brave every day.
So with Brave you can browse confidently with default settings that block phishing, malware, and malvertising. But in case you need it, you will always have the freedom to decide whether to change the settings and to deactivate any of the shields.
Brave Software, Inc. (the company behind the Brave browser) estates that their servers neither see nor store your browsing data (so it stays private, on your devices, until you delete it). Which means that they will never sell your data to third parties, simply because they will not have your data to sell.
​

Faster browsing

Apart from avoiding the annoyance of intrusive ads and improving your privacy, another advantage of blocking ads and trackers is that the browser does not need to download a lot of stuff, so it can serve web content faster.
Brave claims to load pages 2x faster than other browsers out of the box with nothing to install, learn or manage, that 2x speed improvement being for desktop devices and reaching up to 8x in the case of mobile.
​

Flexible and user-friendly

The Brave browser is primarily based on the open source Chromium), so from the user point of view it is not so different from other browsers (except, of course, for its unique features). And now even supports most of the available Chrome extensions.
Brave offers a nice and intuitive user interface with a very easy to use tab system for settings, bookmarks, help, etc. It also displays statistics about the content blocked by the browser over time.
You can use the Brave browser with many different search engines. By the way, if you haven´t tried DuckDuckGo for your searches yet, don´t hesitate. Brave plus DuckDuckGo are the perfect match to increase your privacy.
​

Brave Rewards System

Apart from all those privacy and security features we´ve seen, what makes the Brave browser really unique is its rewards system, based on their ‘Basic Attention Token’ (BAT), an open-source, decentralized platform based on Ethereum.
Brave works on a BAT reward system which can be used to reward people at both sides of the browsing experience:

• Users can reward content creators, either by manually sending them tips to support their work or by configuring Brave to automatically distribute their contributions based on how much time they spend on sites.
• Users can also be rewarded with BATs, for example for browsing the web in case they decide to view ads, which are presented separately from the web content and keep personal details private and anonymous. In other words, users can be paid for viewing ads, and not exactly a small part, since users receive 70% of the ad revenue.

Content creators can sign up to become a verified content creator on Brave Rewards in order to start collecting contributions. That way they can get paid directly by their audience for their content, instead of relying on other income sources such as ad revenue.
In case you´re curious, the current price of the BAT token can be checked here.
​

Who is behind the Brave browser?

Behind Brave is Brendan Eich, the creator of the JavaScript language and co-founder of the Mozilla project. He is the CEO of Brave Software, Inc., which was co-founded by him and by the company CTO, Brian Bondy.
Back in 2016, in his TEDx talk How to fix the web, Brendan Eich was already talking about the need of changing the current advertising systems and of a browser (such as Brave, although without naming it) capable of leading the way towards a new advertising and content creatouser rewarding model.
​

My personal experience with the Brave Browser

I downloaded and installed the Brave browser on my iMac a couple of weeks ago. Just a few days after that, it had already become my default browser not only there, but on my MacBook and on my phone as well. It is that impressive.
I imported all my browsing data from Firefox in just a couple of minutes, so the move from one browser to the other was really seamless. Brave provides a very easy way for importing your browsing history, favorites/bookmarks, saved passwords, stats and other data and settings from your current browser. And not only that, Brave now also offers a new feature that allows you to sync your preferences on all your devices: Brave Sync.
Brave Sync is currently in beta and therefore you will have the option to sync only your bookmarks across devices for the time being. Even so I think it is a feature worth to have, so I set it up on my devices and I found it´s nice and easy to get working. I can´t wait to see what else Brave Sync will bring in future versions. Brave Sync is available in Brave for Windows, macOS, Linux and Android, and iOS.
As you can see, more than twelve thousand ads were blocked in just fourteen days, along with almost five hundred trackers. That is a lot more than one would predict, isn´t it?
The experience regarding privacy is really pleasant, and particularly welcome in the case of mobile devices, where those intrusive ads can eat up a considerable part of your screen.
I´ve also installed some Chrome extensions on my desktop Brave browser without any problem, and they work exactly as expected.
I found this browser very easy to set and use and notably faster than others. In other words: so far, I couldn´t be happier with the Brave browser.
So why don´t you give it a try? You won´t regret it. Because as Gabriel Weinberg (CEO of DuckDuckGo) says, “using the internet doesn’t have to feel like you’re being watched, listened to, and monitored”.
Let me know what you think in the comments below.

Binance — один из крупнейших международных онлайн-сервисов обмена цифровых валют. Десятки криптовалют обмениваются как между собой, так и на фиатные деньги.
Binance была основана в 2017 году со штаб-квартирой в Гонконге. Генеральным директором является Чанпен Чжао.
За полгода работы Binance вошла в список крупнейших площадок по объёму торгов криптовалютами.
В августе 2017 года одним из руководителей Binance стала финансистка Хе Йи, новость об этом подняла капитализацию компании на 40 %. Приток новых пользователей стал столь высоким, что в январе 2018 года временно закрывалась регистрация новых клиентов и была проведена модернизация оборудования из-за возросшей нагрузки. Число пользователей Binance на апрель 2018 года составляет 7,9 миллионов.
В марте 2018 года из-за требований властей Гонконга и усиливающейся регуляцией криптовалютного рынка, руководство Binance приняло решение сменить юрисдикцию на мальтийскую.
С начала 2019 года Binance объявила о запуске Binance Jersey — новой торговой платформы для обмена криптовалют на фиатные деньги. Среди первых торговых пар евро и фунт стерлингов в парах с Bitcoin и Ethereum

In the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum a wikipedia editor named "David Gerard" seems to be including information about Ethereum Classic in the opening of the article about Ethereum. We don't need a sentence telling us that the subject of the article is "Ethereum"... we know that. It's even before details about when Ethereum was created by Vitalik in the first place.
I see this reddit post from last year too... and this guy seems to just have free reign to emphasize anything he wants in a negative way:
https://www.reddit.com/ethereum/comments/4b76i4/who_is_david_gerard_and_why_does_he_keep_editing/
I'm asking the same question... I wonder what we can do about it.

https://preview.redd.it/6w7wx95do0211.jpg?width=600&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=04e32b02da64170193a7926955fc31652d4ab8d2
REFERPAY IS A Distributed Affiliate Marketing Plateform POWERD BY SMART CONTRACTS BUILT ON THE TOP OF ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN .

Hi, someone recommended to post here about a project I'm looking to do, thinking people here should have the right skills/knowledge I could use.
I'm looking to make a bytecode level debugger for the Solidity language (TRON version) running on the TRON Virtual Machine (TVM) but also on Ethereum. The primary use case for this is security auditing smart contracts.

Background

What is a smart contract?

A smart contract is a computer program stored on a blockchain that runs in transactions and is designed to handle transfer of funds/tokens between parties according to the business logic (contract) it implements.

How does the TRON/Ethereum Virtual Machine work?

The TVM and EVM are stack based bytecode virtual machines that process 256-bit words, with an added 'memory', which disappears between smart contract calls, and 'storage', a key-value store that is persisted forever on the blockchain. Each VM instruction consumes varying amounts of 'gas' (on Ethereum) or 'energy' (on TRON) to execute, depending on its complexity or storage requirements.
Each smart contract is initialized by running constructor bytecode on the VM which prepares the program bytecode in memory, then the contract is assigned an address used to identify it on the blockchain forever (unless it is self destructed). A few low addresses represent so called 'precompiled contracts' that perform specialized functions such as elliptic curve cryptography and don't actually run on the VM. After a smart contract is created, publicly accessible functions within the contract can be called according to the ABI (which is published in the case of TRON) and along with a call an amount of funds can optionally be attached to be consumed by the contract. The design of the TVM/EVM allows smart contracts to call each other using funds they possess, using a variety of mechanisms affecting how the call is performed (e.g. whether it uses callee or caller's storage).
A summary of the bytecodes for the EVM can be found here. The TVM has additional instructions used for the transfer of TRC10 tokens (alternatives to the main TRX cryptocurrency of the blockchain). There are also extra instructions not found there, known as the Constantinople feature set.

What is Solidity?

Solidity is the current language used to program and compile smart contracts. It is fairly specialized and has a built in assembler for advanced coding.

What am I looking for?

I am looking for people who are able to provide any assistance on this project, including giving advice on how best to go about putting together a highly usable debugger, managing the project, and full blown getting stuck in with the development.

Why would you want to get involved?

I believe this project will give you great experience in blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology. Also, I am willing to pay 100TRX per hour to work on this project. (I know, it's not much at current prices... they used to be worth 30 cents each!)

What is the tech stack?

I am looking to do this project in C++ and Qt, and I want the VM implementation to be clean implemented (the actual TVM implementation is in Java). Apart from that I'm open to suggestions.

Any questions?

I'm sure you have loads... Please ask away!

Short Demo: https://youtu.be/SOORplbwHME
UPDATE: Wiki playground prototype on Ropsten: https://dtype.pipeos.one/#/alias?alias=markdown.article1 . Improvements incoming.
This is a playground demo, showcasing how you can easily use dType and Alias to build powerful applications, like a Wiki for Ethereum. In this prototype, we are storing wiki content on-chain, in a dType storage contract, but in future versions, you will be able to also store content on Swam/IPFS.
This playground will go live on an Ethereum testnet by end of day tomorrow (UTC). Watch this post for updates on how to use it!
​
http://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2193
https://github.com/pipeos-one/dType
Follow news and contact on https://twitter.com/lorecirstea

Here’s a sneak peak into a dev tool I’ve been working on. It generates and hosts documentation using nothing but Solidity comments.
📖 Generate Docs from inline Solidity NatSpec comments
🤖 Generate Web3 Code Snippets
📤 Send on-chain Transactions from your Docs
❤️ Will be open source
Here’s a demo of it using 0xProject’s TokenRegistry smart contract. Happy to answer questions!
DM me on Twitter if you're interested in testing it out!

One of the most credible sources of our digital age is the infamous Wikipedia page. It is open source, peer reviewed and widely trusted. For most people, it is their initial source of truth on the web. Their launchpad for a logical, accurate, well researched synopsis on a given topic of interest. Once someone hears about a new topic, most people will google it and stumble onto the wikipedia page.
Ethereum has an accurate and reliable wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum
Direct Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) have an accurate and reliable wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_acyclic_graph
IOTA has a german wikipedia page: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOTA_(Kryptow%C3%A4hrung)
When I search for "IOTA" / "IOTA cryptocurrency" / "Iota Foundation Wikipedia" in google and/or wikipedia directly, I can't even find an english wikipedia page. Why is that?
This simply does not make sense to me. IOTA is too established to not have a factual homepage where newcomers can learn about it. Let's change that.
If anyone speaks german, please help translate the german wikipedia page to english, so that other folks in this sub and the IOTA discord can review and build on it. Someone has already started translating it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/110nWGgJVXzkWr5Q0Uh-X9M6GxQBjZ6l2LK3pOjXnKzo/edit?usp=sharing
Thanks

There were massive innovations and milestones that led to the Ethereum blockchain. We published our own version of the Iterative Capital’s Timeline to Bitcoin, with the first step dating back to 1904. Here are some of the important dates taken from the timeline here.
1904: The Veblenian Dichotomy distinguishes between institutions and their technologies.
1918: Taylorism, the original “management science,” is first documented by HB Drury.
1956: Government antitrust suit against AT&T bars the firm from entering the computer business.
1956: Hacker movement emerges at MIT and Stanford.
1969: Formation of the Arpanet — four computers linked in 1969.
1984: IBM and AT&T begin using Internet protocol suite.
1990: Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is formed. It is now one of the leading nonprofit organizations for defending civil liberties in the digital world.
1992: Intel Chief Scientist Timothy May publishes the Crypto-Anarchist Manifesto.
1995: Richard Barbrook publishes “The Californian Ideology.” Read about how accurate he was 20 years later.
1998: IPv6 addressing scheme introduced.
2001: Mac OS X launches, based on free and open source Unix variant OpenBSD.
2001: Wikipedia gains traction, sparking the model of user-generated content.
2013: Ethereum whitepaper is released galvanized by a few founding members, including Vitalik Buterin, Joseph Lubin, Gavin Wood.
2014: ConsenSys is founded and begins incubating startups that build decentralized applications as well as companies building infrastructure tools and applications for the Ethereum blockchain.
2015: Ethereum mainnet launches. Woot, Woot.
2018: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission states that Ether (ETH) is not a security.
Get a feel for where the future is headed with the in-depth timeline here.

There is a wikipedia page for GVT! Im sure there are some good community writers who could get involved with this, might even be a good place to add a time line of past events etc.
I believe it would be really good to get the community on this, get involved :) link below:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_Vision_Token

You can check out the page for BTC & ETH as a template etc!

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin &
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum